Reading is one of the basic skills in human life that develops from early childhood. In order for a child to learn to read, he needs certain prerequisites, of which we single out phonemic awareness as one of the most important. Phonemic awareness enables children to understand the connection between sounds (phonemes) and letters (graphemes) in language. The development of phonemic awareness has long-term positive effects on children's language development and academic success, so it is important to encourage it as a key skill in child education. Sometimes children have difficulties in reading, writing or speaking, so it is necessary to include these children in speech therapy as early as possible so that the specialist can make an accurate diagnosis of the phonemic awareness disorder and create an individual therapy plan. This paper describes various activities, exercises and games aimed at the development of phonemic awareness, by means of which children become aware of the sounds in words and develop the ability to manipulate phonemes, which prepares them for successful mastery of the letter-sound connection.