| Sažetak | Ovaj rad pruža pobliži uvid u Montessori pedagogiju koja nastaje kao alternativni odgojni pravac u središtu čijeg odgojno – obrazovnog procesa je dijete te njegove potrebe i interesi. Rad započinje detaljnim povijesnim prikazom nastanka Montessori koncepcije koja je izrazito priznata i aktualna i u suvremeno doba. Njezina utemeljiteljica te idejna začetnica – Maria Montessori je jedno od najznačajnijih imena u povijesti predškolskog odgoja i obrazovanja. U potpunosti predana svojoj odgojnoj metodi temeljenoj na promatranju djeteta i njegovog razvoja stvara poticajnu okolinu i posebno oblikovane didaktičke materijale koji prirodno podupiru djetetov intelektualni, socijalni, emocionalni i fizički razvoj. Nadalje, u radu su navedene i faze djetetovog razvoja kao i razdoblja posebne osjetljivosti. Stoga je važno istaknuti razdoblja osjetljivosti za red, govor i jezik, društveno ponašanje itd. U svojoj metodi Maria Montessori navodi pet načela koja omogućuju slobodu i samostalno učenje, a ujedno čine glavnu srž Montessori pedagogije. Osim načela, veliku ulogu na razvojnom putu djeteta imaju i odrasli – roditelji i odgojitelji koji osluškuju potrebe i interese djeteta i u skladu s time postupaju, okolina – kao važan čimbenik odgojno – obrazovnog procesa uređena na način da potiče djetetovu slobodu i neovisno učenje te didaktički materijal – koji omogućuje samostalno učenje na jasan način. Zadnjim poglavljem prikazuje se nastanak Montessori pedagogije u Hrvatskoj te njegova aktualnost i danas. |
| Sažetak (engleski) | The main goal of this paper is to provide a closer insight into Montessori pedagogy, which is emerging as an alternative educational direction in which the center of the educational process is the child, and his needs and interests. The paper begins with a detailed historical account of the origin of the Montessori concept, which is highly recognized and still present today. Its founder, and the originator of ideas – Maria Montessori is one of the most valuable names in the history of preschool education. Completely dedicated, she bases her educational method on observing the child and his development, and accordingly creates a stimulating environment and specially designed didactic materials that naturally support the childˈs intellectual, social, emotional and physical development. Likewise, the paper also lists the stages of the childˈs development, as well as periods of special sensitivity, so there are periods of sensitivity for order, speech, and language, social behavior...In her method, Maria Montessori states five principles that enable freedom and independent learning, and are the main foundations of Montessori pedagogy. In addition to principles, adults also play a major role in childˈs development path – parents and educators who listen to the childˈs needs and interests and act accordingly, the environment – as an important factor in the educational process, organized in a way that encourages the childˈs freedom and independent learning, and didactically material - which enables independent learning in a clear way. The last chapter shows the origin of Montessori pedagogy in Croatia, and its relevance even today. |
