The aim of this thesis is to show the basic elements and specifics of Montessori pedagogy and to investigate in the professional literature the contribution of Montessori pedagogy to the language development of preschool children. Philipps (1999) points out that M. Montessori marked the essence of Montessori pedagogy in noticing precious moments of attention and using these moments to teach children reading, writing and arithmetic skills. In Montessori pedagogy, the importance of appropriate stimuli in accordance with the periods of the child's sensitivity in a prepared and stimulating environment that encourages language development is highlighted. Montessori pedagogy creates an atmosphere that supports the natural process of language learning through communication, play and active participation in the learning process. Montessori pedagogy with the help of Montessori materials and activities encourages the child's language development, understanding of speech, writing and reading skills. Montessori pedagogy encourages the child's independence in language learning, giving him the opportunity to independently explore the language and communicate with other people. Thus, the child discovers his individual interests and abilities in language learning and independently builds his knowledge and skills.