The aim of this paper is to present developmental and pathological fears in childhood and adolescence, ways of distinguishing them and necessary interventions. Fear is one of the fundamental emotions inherent in every human being. It is conceptually defined as a reaction to a perceived threatening situation that includes avoidance of a certain situation or object, a subjective feeling of discomfort and physiological changes. As children grow up, through experience with the outside world, they face different fears in accordance with their cognitive development. These are developmental fears that have an adaptive role in the child's growing up and independence, from which the child should never try to protect himself, because in this way the child's development would be hindered, and the fact is that fear also has an important protective function.The sources and content of developmental fears are related to the age of the child. In addition to developmental fears, there are also pathological fears that are often linked to highly stressful and traumatic experiences, but also to some characteristics of the child and his environment, and can become an exceptional burden for the child in cases where they interfere with the child's age-appropriate activities. It is important that parents, educators and the environment that surrounds the child see the difference between the developmental and pathological types of fears in a timely manner so that they can provide them with appropriate and timely support and help using certain methods and approaches or by seeking professional help.