Human trafficking represents one of the most complex and severe forms of organized crime in the modern world. This paper analyzes the phenomenon of human trafficking, its causes, forms, consequences, and the efforts made to combat this crime. The research encompasses an examination of international and domestic legal frameworks, socio-economic factors contributing, and various forms of exploitation, including sexual slavery, forced labor, organ trafficking, and child exploitation. Globally, human trafficking is recognized as a serious problem that requires coordinated action by international organizations, states, nongovernmental organizations, and civil society. Key international documents include the Protocol to prevent, suppress and punish trafficking in persons, especially woman and children, known as the Palermo Protocol, as well as various United Nations and Council of Europe conventions and declarations. The paper also investigates specific cases of human trafficking in Croatia, analyzing statistical data, legal initiatives, and measures implemented to combat this phenomenon. Special emphasis is placed on the work of state institutions, non-governmental organizations, and international partners in prevention, victim protection, and prosecution of perpetrators. Through a review of the literature and analysis of available data, the paper aims to provide a comprehensive insight into the complexity of the human trafficking problem, highlighting the importance of a multidisciplinary approach and international cooperation in combating this crime.