| Abstract | Odgoj je svjesna, namjerna, društveno organizirana, pedagoški osmišljena djelatnost kojom se postiže ostvarenje ljudskih ideala i stvaranje osobnog identiteta. Odgoj ima svrhu i zadaće, obrazovna dobra i odgojne vrijednosti, organizacijske oblike, metode i sredstva ostvarivanja. Na odgoj utječu različiti čimbenici: obitelj, društvo, vjerske institucije, odgojno – obrazovne institucije, udruge i sl. Što je više odgojnih čimbenika, ukupno je odgajanje učinkovitije.
Današnji, suvremeni odgoj razlikuje se od tradicionalnog. Tradicionalna obitelj aktivno je uključivala i šire članove obitelji, djeda i baku, u odgoj djece. Najstariji je član ujedno bio stup obitelji, moralna vertikala, osoba koja je prenosila životne vrijednosti na ostatak obitelji. Važnost se pridavala narodnim i vjerskim običajima, poslovima vezanima za kućanstvo te poslovima izvan kuće. U obitelji je bilo više djece. Odgoj je bio strog i poštivalo se starije ukućane. Budući da je razina zaposlenosti bila jako niska, gotovo nikakva, obitelj se prehranjivala od vlastitoga rada, najčešće od uroda obrađenih njiva i uzgoja stoke. Vladale su česte nestašice te oskudan način života. U doba ranoga djetinjstva djeca su ostajala s bakama kod kuće, igrala se u dvorištu i prirodi dok su roditelji obavljali poljoprivredne poslove. Odrastanjem su djeca aktivno sudjelovala u svim poslovima: čuvanju stoke (bez roditeljskoga nadzora), kopanju, branju uroda, najčešće nakon dolaska iz škole. Aktivno su sudjelovala u kulturno-umjetničkim društvima, dobrovoljnom vatrogasnom društvu te sportskim organizacijama.
Na obitelj i odgoj utjecao je i geografski položaj mjesta u kojem su djeca odrastala. Davor, selo uz rijeku Savu, pružao je drugačije mogućnosti, za razliku od Starog Petrovog Sela, smještenog uz glavnu cestu. Cilj je ovoga rada metodom ankete, intervjua, analize i sinteze istražiti te prikazati način odgoja djece u drugoj polovici dvadesetog stoljeća te utjecaj razvoja industrije, poboljšanja prometne povezanosti s gradom, kvalitetnije zdravstvene zaštite, zapošljavanja, obveznoga školovanja, otvaranja dječjih vrtića te ostalih čimbenika koji su imali izrazitu važnost na djelovanje svih članova obitelji. |
| Abstract (english) | Education is a conscious, intentional, socially organized, pedagogically designed activity that achieves the realization of human ideals and the creation of personal identity. Education has purposes and tasks, educational goods and values, organizational forms, methods, and means of realization. Different factors influence education: family, society, religious institutions, educational institutions, associations, etc. The more educational factors exist, the more effective the upbringing is.
Today's modern education is significantly different from traditional education. The traditional family actively involved extended family members (grandparents) in upbringing children. The oldest member was the pillar of the family, the moral vertical, the person who passed on life values to the rest of the family. The importance was attached to folk and religious customs, household chores, and chores outside the home. There were many children in the family. Education was strict, and the elderly members of the household were respected. Since the employment rate was very low, almost non-existent, the family was sustained by its own work, mostly from the crops cultivated on the fields and livestock breeding. Poverty and a scarce way of life prevailed. In early childhood, children stayed at home with their grandmothers, played in the yard and nature while parents did agricultural work. As they grew up, children actively participated in all work: caring for livestock (without parental supervision), digging, harvesting crops, usually after school. They actively participated in folklore groups, public firefighting society, and sports organizations.
The geographical location of the place where the children grew up also significantly influenced the family and upbringing. Davor, a village on the Sava River, offered different opportunities compared to Staro Petrovo Selo, a village located near the main road. The aim of this work is to explore and present the way of upbringing children in the second half of the twentieth century, as well as the influence of the development of industry, improved transport connectivity with the city, better healthcare, employment, mandatory schooling, opening of kindergartens, and other factors that had a significant impact on the functioning of all family members, using the method of survey, interview, analysis, and synthesis. |
